List of Articles Political

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  1 - Justice Based on Emerged Conventions: A Critical Analysis of Skyrms’ Idea of Social Contract
       
  Last two decades، some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works، Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hu More

  Last two decades، some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works، Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hunt and evolution of social structure (2004)، are attempting to lay such explanations of justice by evolutionary game theory. The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the analytical framework and foundations of Skyrms’ idea. Accordingly، the paper، based on theoretical and analytical method، finds basic building blocks of Skyrms’ account of the social contract and then examines those foundations. Research findings show that skyrms seeks to naturalization of concepts such as justice; Project that meet with shortcomings such positive conception of values and inner inconsistency. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The "important and more important" principle, and the unethical theory of justification
   
  The subject of “ethics in governing and ruling” has always been of interest to scholars and thinkers of all societies. Ethics in politics or ethical politics is still a controversial issue among great thinkers of political and moral philosophy. Having a short look at th More

  The subject of “ethics in governing and ruling” has always been of interest to scholars and thinkers of all societies. Ethics in politics or ethical politics is still a controversial issue among great thinkers of political and moral philosophy. Having a short look at the theories of philosophers from different schools about the relationship between ethics and politics, and having made a comparison between Plato, Aristotle, Marx, and Machiavelli, this article tries to describe and present the viewpoint of the Qur’an and ‘Ali ibn Abi-Talib about the matter. This article shows that the principal ruling method recommended by Niccolo Machiavelli, which is practically accepted by all rulers, and that is instrumentality in statebuilding –an approach represented by the saying “the ends justify the means.” Whereas, the Prophet of Islam's son-in-law, his closest companion, and his chosen successor; ‘Ali ibn Abi-Talib, has explicitly rejected this idea, And then, we have refered to the views of Shia jurists on the topic, and rooted out the "important and more important" principle and the determinants in case of contradiction, showing that the Quran and Hadith have allowed employing forbidden means only in the exceptional case of "saving humans' life," and it cannot be generalized to all cases of two contradictory gains. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Examining the appropriate pattern of moral hazard in the non-financial terms of oil and gas contracts
  Davood  Baghaee Babak  Vosoughifard Homayoun  Habibi
  Today, oil has a lot in the economy of its producing countries. For numerous reasons, including the colonial relations between the producing countries and the colonial peoples on the one hand, and the lack of specialist forces and the necessary capital for oil productio More

  Today, oil has a lot in the economy of its producing countries. For numerous reasons, including the colonial relations between the producing countries and the colonial peoples on the one hand, and the lack of specialist forces and the necessary capital for oil production in the Third World countries, with the participation of mainly capitalists from industrialized countries. For this reason, the legal nature of these relationships has been the subject of many discussions. On the one hand, the general and economic aspects and its moral hazard for the host country and the private aspects of capitalism have added to the difficulty of the discussion. The financial and non-financial conditions of such contracts have changed dramatically in different periods of history, creating many patterns. The political and economic changes in the world, in turn, have brought about changes and changes in the context of these relations and its moral hazard. A survey of the first form of these oil relations, signed under the title "Concession Concession" of capital investors with oil-rich governments, has revealed that today's conventional contracts can outline the different aspects of morality in these contracts. In this paper, the study of the appropriate model of moral hazard in the non-financial conditions of oil and gas contracts in Iran is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner.. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Components of power in The Abbasi's caliphate and its consequences
  Rasool  Akhgar Jalil  Pourhassan Darabi Abbas  Ashouri Nejad
  20.1001.1.23833279.1400.11.44.14.3
  This article is dedicated to studying about components of power in The Abbasi's caliphate and Also the outcome and the effect of these components on their strengths and weaknesses. It is also about their political and social developments. Right after Abbasi's calipha More

  This article is dedicated to studying about components of power in The Abbasi's caliphate and Also the outcome and the effect of these components on their strengths and weaknesses. It is also about their political and social developments. Right after Abbasi's caliphate started in year 132 hijri and the arrival of new ethnic elements in political, social and official organization, and also expanding the territory of the caliphate, fundamental changes and transformations which were mostly caused by the influence of different ethnicities and cultures, started to happen is political, social , intellectual and cultural aspects. One of these changes was the transformation of the Abbasi's power structure which started to make their territory unstable unlike the previous ones. Adoption of orientalists policy by the Abbasi's which was joined by the influence of new ethnic elements and social classes and also the formation of issues like the establish of Al-buway and Seljuk government and cultural developments and the influence of cultural resources and center and new ideas    and also Abbasi's using religious tools such as attribution to prophet, benefiting from mahdism thinking, claiming the divine caliph and the divine legitimacy of the government and the caliphate to gain legitimacy and on the other hand, accepting the emirate of domination in times of weakness, all made the path for the fundamental changes in various aspects of the Abbasi's Caliphate such as the structure of political power. As a result of these changes and also the effect of these components, The Abbasi's ruled for more than five centuries and on the other hand, due to the sharing and participation of new ethnic elements in power, the path to form powerful shia and sunni governments was provided which they gained part of their legitimacy from the caliphate. Manuscript profile